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William Powell (before 1586 – January 1623), was an early Virginia colonist, landowner, militia officer and member of the first Virginia House of Burgesses in 1619. He was one of the two representatives of James City County, Virginia. ==Birth; Settlement in Virginia; House of Burgesses== Sources conflict as to whether William Powell was born in 1577 or 1585 or whether these were the years of birth of one or two other men of the same name. Although his date of birth is uncertain, the colonist William Powell obviously was born in England. William Powell, described as a gentleman, arrived in the Third Supply mission of nine ships, which brought additional settlers and some supplies to the surviving colonists at Jamestown, Virginia in 1609.〔McCartney, Martha W. (''Virginia immigrants and adventurers, 1607-1635: a biographical dictionary'' ). Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co., 2007. ISBN 978-0-8063-1774-8. p. 576〕 Another source states that the records of the Virginia Company showed that William Powell, a subscriber of the company, came to Virginia in 1611 with Lieutenant Governor Sir Thomas Gates aboard the ''Sea Venture''.〔Dorman, John Frederick. (''Adventurers of Purse and Person, Virginia, 1607-1624/5: Families G-P'' ). Fourth Edition, Volume 2. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8063-1763-2. Retrieved July 21, 2011. p. 765〕 These statements are not entirely incompatible. The small ships of the Third Supply mission arrived in Jamestown in 1609 and Powell, who is identified as being in Jamestown before May 1610, must have been on one of those ships. The ''Sea Venture'', with Sir Thomas Gates and other prominent passengers, was beached in Bermuda after being caught in a hurricane and separated from the other ships. The surviving passengers did not arrive in Jamestown until May 1610, after being stranded in Bermuda for 42 weeks. They had to build two small vessels from remains of the ''Sea Venture'' and cedar from the island in order to complete their journey.〔Tyler, Lyon Gardiner. (''The cradle of the republic: Jamestown and James river'' ). Richmond, VA: Hermitage Press, 1906. . Retrieved July 21, 2011. p. 26〕〔None of the ''Sea Venture'' passengers were lost in the storm or the stranding of the ship but some of them did not survive their time on Bermuda.〕 On February 9, 1610,〔Tyler gives a February 9, 1611 date. Although this does not correlate with an earlier presence of Powell in Virginia, it would not require Powell to have been in Virginia before the arrival of the ''Sea Venture'' passengers. On the other hand, Powell's name is not on the extant partial lists of ''Sea Venture'' passengers and the date could be equivalent to 1610 because of the peculiarities of the old calendar that was still in use at that time.〕 the Acting Governor Captain John Percy sent "Ensign Powell" and Ensign Waller to capture, or kill if necessary, Wochinchopunck, the chief of the Paspahegh and a sub-chief or tributary of the Powhatan. The chief had been harassing and even killing colonists. He even had tried to kill Captain John Smith during the previous year but Smith subdued him and took him prisoner, only to have him later escape. Finding they could not capture the strong Wochinchopunck, Powell killed him with a sword. Lieutenant Puttock, who had been closely following Powell and Waller, killed one of the chief's men.〔Tyler, 1906, pp. 102–103〕 Deputy Governor Samuel Argall appointed William Powell as captain, responsible for the Jamestown defenses and its blockhouses, and further appointed him lieutenant governor in 1617.〔〔Argall was Lt. Governor or Deputy Governor between 1617 and 1619. He also was referred to as Principal Governor of Virginia but this only may have been after the death of Governor Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, who died at sea on his way back to Virginia, in large part to investigate Argall's alleged harsh conduct, on June 7, 1618. Argall had been one of Governor West's ship captains on his early voyages to Virginia. Argall may have wanted a second in command in the colony in the events something happened to him, even before he learned of Governor West's death. Argall was succeeded as governor in 1619 by George Yeardley. No further mention of Powell as lieutenant governor has been found.〕 In 1618 Powell used his ship the ''Hopewell'' to engage in Virginia trade for the Somers Island Company and, on the side, engage in piracy in the Caribbean.〔Donald G. Shomette, ''Pirates of the Chesapeake'', Centreville, MD: Tidewater Publishers, 1985. p. 8〕 In 1619 he shipped the first load of African slaves to Virginia.〔Ibid.〕 Powell became a member of the first Virginia House of Burgesses in 1619, representing James City County, Virginia.〔Stanard, William G. and Mary Newton Stanard. (''The Virginia Colonial Register'' ). Albany, NY: Joel Munsell's Sons Publishers, 1902. , Retrieved July 15, 2011. p. 52〕 Powell lived on the "Surry side" of James City County, on the south side of the James River from Jamestown, Virginia. Surry County, Virginia was organized from this area in 1652.〔Boddie, John Bennett. (''Colonial Surry'' ). Richmond: Dietz Press, 1948. . Retrieved July 20, 2011. p. 88〕 In 1620, Argall contracted with, or possibly even ordered, Powell to clear land and build houses for new colonists at Martin's Hundred. Powell tried to force the newcomers to pay for the work but they were able to show this would be unjust because Argall had actually put their site in the wrong location.〔 In April 1622, soon after the Indian massacre of March 22, 1622, Captain Powell established, or at least secured rights to, property in order to establish a large plantation on the Chickahominy River. Richard Pace, an "Ancient Planter", had 10 shares in this enterprise but soon ceded them to Captain Powell.〔Dorman, 2005, p. 765〕 William Powell himself was an "Ancient Planter."〔Ancient planter is a term applied to colonists who migrated to the Plantation of Virginia "before the coming away of Sir Thomas Dale" in 1616, and continued there for at least three years. These colonists received the first land grants in Virginia. Those who paid their own passage to Virginia received a "first dividend" of 100 acres (0.40 km2), free of quit-rent. Those who were brought at the Company's expense also received 100 acres, subject to an annual rent of one shilling per 50 acres.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Powell (Virginia colonist)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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